Jürgen Moltmann: Two types of freedom – lordship or friendship?

Which concept of freedom is appropriate to God? … The nominalist concepts of freedom of choice and free power of disposal only have a very limited value for our understanding of God’s freedom. They derive from the language of domination. In this language only the lord is free. The people he is master of are not free. They are his property, and he can do with them what he likes. In this language freedom means lordship, power and possession. It is this interpretation of freedom as power and lordship over possessions which is being theologically employed if we assume as our starting point that God reveals himself as ‘God the Lord’. Then ‘God’s liberty’ means his sovereignty, and his power of disposal over his property – creation - and his servants – men and women.
The other concept of freedom belongs to the language of community and fellowship. Here ‘free’ has the same etymological rood as ‘friendly’; its cognates in meaning are ‘kind’, ‘to be well disposed’ to give pleasure’. The German word for hospitable, gastfrei (literally guest-free’) still shows this meaning even today. If we take this line of approach, freedom does not mean lordship; it means friendship. This freedom consists of the mutual and common participation in life, and a communication in which there is neither lordship nor servitude. In their reciprocal participation in life, people become free beyond the limitation of their own individuality.

Which of these freedoms corresponds to God’s freedom? The triune God reveals himself as love in the fellowship of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. His freedom therefore lies in the friendship which he offers men and women, and through which he makes them his friends. His freedom is his vulnerable love, his openness, the encountering kindness through which he suffers with the human beings he loves and becomes their advocate, thereby throwing open their future to them. God demonstrates his eternal freedom through his suffering and his sacrifice, through his self-giving and his patience. Through his freedom he keeps man, his image, and his world, creation, free – keeps them free and pays the price of their freedom.

Quoted from The Trinity and the Kingdom, p. 56